SKU: 67533996740

Mithraic Societies: From Brotherhood Ideal to Religion's Adversary

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Mithraic Societies: From Brotherhood Ideal to Religion's AdversaryAlthough by its title, this book seems to be about a specialized topic, the spread of Mithraic societies and its avatars (in time and geographical expanse) enhances its relevancy. From Roman legionaries to chivalry orders, from dervish circles to guild organizations, and from Freemasons to French revolutionaries, the hierarchy of Mithraic societies, their initiation rites, and their oaths of secrecy, provided a model for brotherhood organization that

Although by its title, this book seems to be about a specialized topic, the spread of Mithraic societies and its avatars (in time and geographical expanse) enhances its relevancy. From Roman legionaries to chivalry orders, from dervish circles to guild organizations, and from Freemasons to French revolutionaries, the hierarchy of Mithraic societies, their initiation rites, and their oaths of secrecy, provided a model for brotherhood organization that was efficient, but also flexible. They could adapt their philosophy to the prevailing politico-religion conditions of the day, because they did not worship any particular god, but could also be comrades in arms with nascent religious movements, such as with Christianity. Mithra was the initial guarantor of their oath, and if need be it could be replaced by Jesus, Allah or any other divinity. Their ÒreligionÓ was their brotherhood, and as such they usually provided a counter-balance to the power elite, and had the potential to become politically active.

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SKU: 67533996740

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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 11 reviews
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Bookdiver2
Alexandria, US
★★★★★ 5
One TOUGH toy!
Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9")
The first of these toys survived 2 Huskies, an Aussie, 2 GSDs and our Pitmix, I only got a new one because first one is soooo old! It is a favorite toy and there would be unhappiness if it were not available. This is one TOUGH toy, great bounce and spin, we love this toy.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 7, 2026
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Verified Purchase
T
Carnegie, US
★★★★★ 5
Durable, long lasting . 8months of use before came apart.
Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9"), Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9")
I bought this toy may 2025 it is now January 2026 I am finally having to replace . I have a chessie , almost 2 yo he is not an insane chewer but he does make the fabric “ tuff toys” look like a joke . Those are gone in ten minutes . This one last and last and last . It’s a great buy. In process of ordering my third one decided to write a review. I never write reviews . Such a simple product but worth every penny . My dogs favorite toy . Will stay in the arsenal .
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Reviewed in the United States on January 28, 2026
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Verified Purchase
Niddy
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 4
Not recommended at all for heavy chewers
Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9"), Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9")
They advertise this toy as a heavy chewer toy and it’s not. My big dog chewed through it in a couple days and that’s with me yelling at him to chew it gently. I like the toy and it’s great for smaller less advid chewers. I put kibble in the holes and watch my Shiba go to town throwing it around but my mixed lab/dane has a nub of rubber left. So maybe don’t advertise it as a heavy chewer toy. The rubber is way too soft for you to be suggesting that. It did come with a strong chemical smell that my dogs didn’t like and I had to wash it 3x before they’d touch it.
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Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2024
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Renee
New York, US
★★★★★ 5
Great value, durable, enriching
Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9")
$5 for the large size for our 15lb chiweenie mix was PERFECT. Her emotional support chew toy got destroyed and I wanted something I felt safe leaving in her kennel while I was out. She anxiously chews. Bought this to try out and she took a bit to get into it, but now she loves it. Probably could’ve gone with a smaller size, but oh well. We put treats inside and smear peanut butter or wet food on the dumbbell like ends for enrichment. So far has held up over 3 weeks.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 7, 2026
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Verified Purchase
Ann
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 5
A good choice
Size: Large (5" x 3.25" x 9")
Initially I put this toy in my save-for-later on Amazon. As I was perusing through one morning I noticed that it had been reduced so, I ordered it. It arrived promptly, was well packaged, and has been a good addition to my Doberman's toy box. It has not been chosen as the ultimate favorite, but he likes enough to select it, carry it around, and chew on it. To us there is no unpleasant odor. It is good solid rubber and despite all of his chewing maneuvers, there are not holes, marks, or bits of the ball where they should not be. He carries the toy in his mouth in the middle of the toy, but likes to lie on the floor, hold one ball end in his paws and chew on the other. Overall, I would give this a grade of a good, solid, reliable dog toy. I cannot address suction power, because I am not sure what is meant by that in a toy that is shaped like an old fashioned dumb bell. Top 3 Likes: -Durable rubber chew toy for large dog that is easily carried -Bright color making it easily visible -No offensive odors Top 3 Dislikes: -Serviceable toy, not a favorite -Could be chewed into little pieces by a very aggressive chewer (mine is not) -Poor at dispensing treats; they fall right out with no challenge
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Reviewed in the United States on June 16, 2024

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